ABSTRACT
The high incidence of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in the period of 2015-2016 in Brazil may have affected linear height growth velocity (GV) in children exposed in utero to ZIKV. This study describes the growth velocity and nutritional status based on the World Organization (WHO) standards of children exposed to ZIKV during pregnancy and followed up in a tertiary unit, a reference for tropical and infectious diseases in the Amazon. Seventy-one children born between March 2016 and June 2018 were monitored for anthropometric indices: z-score for body mass index (BMI/A); weight (W/A); height (H/A) and head circumference (HC/A); and growth velocity. The mean age at the last assessment was 21.1 months (SD ± 8.93). Four children had congenital microcephaly and severe neurological impairment. The other 67 were non-microcephalic children (60 normocephalic and 7 macrocephalic); of these; 24.2% (16 children) had neurological alterations, and 28.8% (19 children) had altered neuropsychomotor development. Seventeen (24.2%) children had inadequate GV (low growth velocity). The frequencies of low growth among microcephalic and non-microcephalic patients are 25% (1 of 4 children) and 23.9% (16 of 67 children); respectively. Most children had normal BMI/A values during follow-up. Microcephalic patients showed low H/A and HC/A throughout the follow-up, with a significant reduction in the HC/A z-score. Non-microcephalic individuals are within the regular ranges for H/A; HC/A; and W/A, except for the H/A score for boys. This study showed low growth velocity in children with and without microcephaly, highlighting the need for continuous evaluation of all children born to mothers exposed to ZIKV during pregnancy.
Subject(s)
Microcephaly , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious , Zika Virus Infection , Zika Virus , Pregnancy , Male , Female , Humans , Child , Infant , Zika Virus Infection/complications , Nutritional Status , Brazil/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Infections with Flavivirus in pregnant women are not associated with vertical transmission. However, in 2015, severe cases of congenital infection were reported during the Zika virus outbreak in Brazil. More subtle infections in children born to mothers with ZIKV still remain uncertain and the spectrum of this new congenital syndrome is still under construction. This study describes outcomes regarding neurodevelopment and neurological examination in the first years of life, of a cohort of 77 children born to pregnant women with ZIKV infection in Manaus, Brazil, from 2017 to 2020. In the group of normocephalic children (92.2%), most showed satisfactory performance in neuropsychomotor development, with a delay in 29.6% and changes in neurological examination in 27.1%, with two children showing muscle-strength deficits. All microcephalic children (5.2%) evolved with severe neuropsychomotor-development delay, spastic tetraparesis, and alterations in the imaging exam. In this cohort, 10.5% of the children had macrocephaly at birth, but only 2.6% remained in this classification. Although microcephaly has been considered as the main marker of congenital-Zika-virus syndrome in previous studies, its absence does not exclude the possibility of the syndrome. This highlights the importance of clinical follow-up, regardless of the classification of head circumference at birth.
Subject(s)
Microcephaly , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious , Zika Virus Infection , Zika Virus , Infant, Newborn , Humans , Child , Pregnancy , Female , Infant , Zika Virus Infection/diagnosis , Zika Virus Infection/epidemiology , Zika Virus Infection/complications , Brazil/epidemiology , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/epidemiology , PrognosisABSTRACT
Demonstra-se um caso de paquidermatoglifia adquirida em paciente do sexo masculino, de 67 anos, associada a carcinoma gástrico avançado. Trata-se de síndrome paraneoplásica com manifestações cutâneas que podem ser comparadas à superfície rugosa do estômago bovino.
We report the case of a 67-year-old man suffering from acquired pachydermatoglyphia associated with advanced gastric carcinoma. This is a paraneoplasic syndrome with skin manifestations that may be compared to the wrinkled surface of the bovine stomach.
